Poop Cruise Lawsuit: Payouts, Eligibility & 2026 Status

Quick Answer Box

• What the case is: A series of lawsuits filed against Carnival Cruise Lines after an engine room fire disabled the Carnival Triumph on February 10, 2013, stranding 3,143 passengers in the Gulf of Mexico for five days in sewage-contaminated conditions.
• Who qualifies: Passengers aboard the Triumph during the February 7-11, 2013 voyage who suffered economic losses, physical illness, or documented personal injuries as a direct result of the sanitation failure and unsafe conditions.
• What it's worth: Individual payouts varied by claim track. Economic loss claimants typically received refunds plus modest compensation. Personal injury claimants with documented illness or injury recovered substantially more, with some individual settlements reaching into five figures.

Case Snapshot

The poop cruise lawsuit stands as one of the most publicly visible passenger rights cases in U.S. maritime litigation history. When the Carnival Triumph lost propulsion on February 10, 2013, it left thousands of passengers stranded in the Gulf of Mexico for five days without functional toilets, adequate food, or air conditioning.

The resulting litigation was not a single class action. It was a dual-track legal proceeding governed by general maritime law, processed through the Southern District of Florida, and shaped significantly by contractual forum selection clauses embedded in passengers' ticket agreements.

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Carnival ultimately resolved the overwhelming majority of claims. However, the legal architecture of the case, and what it means for anyone still carrying an unresolved injury claim in 2026, is more specific than most coverage acknowledges.

Understanding the actual litigation structure separates a viable claim from a missed deadline.

What Is the Poop Cruise Lawsuit?

The poop cruise lawsuit refers to the consolidated body of civil claims filed against Carnival Cruise Lines, Inc. following the Triumph disaster of February 2013. The vessel departed Galveston, Texas on February 7, 2013, bound for Cozumel, Mexico. Three days into the voyage, a fire in the engine room knocked out the ship's primary propulsion system and disabled most onboard utilities.

The failure cascaded. Sewage backed up through cabin toilets and bathroom floors. Raw waste flowed through corridors. Passengers slept in hallways to escape the odor. Food supplies ran critically low. The ship drifted without propulsion for four days before tugboats towed it to Mobile, Alabama, arriving February 14, 2013.

Carnival's own response drew immediate legal scrutiny. Attorneys filing early complaints argued the company had prior knowledge of mechanical deficiencies aboard the Triumph and failed to take corrective action before sending 3,143 passengers to sea.

Attorney Insight: *Attorneys handling maritime passenger cases note that the existence of pre-incident maintenance records, Coast Guard inspection logs, and internal engineering reports typically forms the factual backbone of a negligence case against a cruise line, and the Triumph litigation was no exception.*

Key Facts:

• Voyage dates: February 7-11, 2013
• Days adrift: Approximately 5
• Passengers aboard: 3,143
• Crew aboard: 1,086
• Port of rescue: Mobile, Alabama

What Is the Carnival Poop Cruise Lawsuit, Specifically?

The carnival poop cruise lawsuit is the popular shorthand for litigation formally captioned against Carnival Cruise Lines, Inc. in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida. Claims were governed by general maritime law, not state tort law, a distinction that shaped every procedural aspect of the litigation.

Carnival's passenger ticket contracts contained a forum selection clause requiring that all disputes be brought in the Southern District of Florida. The U.S. Supreme Court upheld the enforceability of such clauses in cruise ticket contracts decades before the Triumph incident, in *Carnival Cruise Lines, Inc. v. Shute*, 499 U.S. 585 (1991). That precedent funneled all litigation into a single federal venue.

Multiple plaintiff firms filed actions beginning in February 2013. The cases were not consolidated into a formal MDL (Multidistrict Litigation) docket because Carnival's forum selection clause had already centralized the proceedings. The Southern District of Florida became the de facto hub.

Attorney Insight: *Maritime litigation attorneys point out that the forum selection clause in cruise tickets is one of the most consequential contract terms passengers never read, and it has shaped the tactical posture of every major cruise line lawsuit filed in the last three decades.*

Poop Cruise Lawsuit Payout: What Did Claimants Actually Receive?

Poop cruise lawsuit payouts varied significantly based on which claim track a passenger pursued. This is the central fact that most coverage ignores entirely.

Carnival moved quickly to resolve economic loss claims, offering refunds of cruise fares, out-of-pocket expenses, travel reimbursements, and a future cruise credit. Most passengers who accepted Carnival's early settlement package received full fare refunds plus a $500 per-person cash payment and a comparable future cruise credit.

Passengers who retained attorneys and filed formal personal injury claims received substantially different outcomes. Documented physical illness, gastrointestinal infections, skin rashes, respiratory distress, and trauma-related psychological conditions supported higher individual valuations. Reported individual personal injury settlements ranged from $5,000 to $25,000 or more, depending on the severity and documentation of harm.

Attorney Insight: *Attorneys representing Triumph passengers in the personal injury track noted that the disparity between the quick-settlement offer and the litigated personal injury recovery was substantial, and passengers who accepted Carnival's first offer without consulting counsel typically left significant compensation on the table.*

What Happened on the Carnival Triumph?

The Carnival Triumph's February 2013 voyage collapsed into a public health emergency within 72 hours of departure. The engine room fire occurred on the morning of February 10, 2013, disabling propulsion, reducing electrical capacity, and knocking out sewage management systems.

As waste systems failed, biohazard waste spread through lower passenger decks. Carnival distributed plastic bags for passengers to use as toilets. Hallways became sleeping areas as passengers fled contaminated cabins. Temperatures inside the ship became extreme without functional air conditioning.

The Coast Guard conducted flyovers. Carnival dispatched tugboats from multiple directions. The rescue operation drew national media coverage and congressional scrutiny.

Key Timeline:

• February 7, 2013: Triumph departs Galveston, Texas
• February 10, 2013: Engine room fire; propulsion and utilities disabled
• February 10-14, 2013: Vessel adrift in Gulf of Mexico; sanitation failure spreads
• February 14, 2013: Triumph towed into Mobile, Alabama
• February-March 2013: First lawsuits filed in Southern District of Florida

Attorney Insight: *Attorneys who reviewed the initial complaints note that early filings focused heavily on Carnival's alleged pre-existing knowledge of the Triumph's mechanical vulnerabilities, arguing this elevated the case from simple negligence to gross negligence in some individual pleadings.*

Litigation Watch: *The Triumph incident, the payout disparity between direct-settlement passengers and attorney-represented claimants, and the admiralty law framework governing the case all remain instructive for any passenger pursuing cruise line claims in 2026.*

Carnival Triumph Lawsuit Settlement Amount: The Full Picture

The carnival triumph lawsuit settlement amount is not a single public figure because Carnival resolved the majority of claims individually rather than through a single announced class action fund. This is a key structural difference from pharmaceutical MDLs with publicly filed settlement agreements.

Carnival did not publicly disclose a gross settlement fund. What is documentable: the company refunded fares, reimbursed documented expenses, and paid cash settlements ranging from the baseline $500 direct offer to individually negotiated five-figure sums for documented injury claimants.

Industry analysts estimated the total liability exposure, accounting for all direct offers, attorney-negotiated settlements, and litigation costs, in the range of $20 million to $40 million across all claimants. This remains an estimate, as Carnival did not publicly file a consolidated settlement agreement.

Attorney Insight: *Attorneys in maritime passenger litigation note that Carnival's strategy of resolving claims individually, rather than through a certified class action with a public settlement fund, reduced both public disclosure obligations and the risk of a single adverse judgment setting a high-dollar precedent.*

Who Qualifies for the Poop Cruise Lawsuit?

Eligibility for the carnival poop cruise lawsuit was defined primarily by two criteria: physical presence aboard the Triumph during the February 7-11, 2013 voyage, and documented harm directly attributable to the sanitation failure and onboard conditions.

All 3,143 passengers aboard the Triumph during that voyage had a baseline claim for economic losses. Documentation requirements scaled upward based on the type of harm alleged.

Eligibility by Claim Category:

• Economic loss claimants: Any passenger with proof of booking and presence aboard the Triumph during the February 2013 voyage
• Medical illness claimants: Passengers with documented gastrointestinal illness, respiratory symptoms, skin conditions, or infection attributable to the sanitation failure; medical records within a reasonable time of disembarkation strengthened these claims
• Personal injury claimants: Passengers who sustained physical injuries during the emergency, including slip-and-fall incidents in waste-contaminated areas, fell into this track
• Psychological injury claimants: Passengers asserting post-traumatic stress, anxiety disorders, or similar conditions required clinical documentation
• Crew members: Governed by separate seafarer law and employment contract provisions; their claims proceeded on a different legal track

Attorney Insight: *Attorneys who handled Triumph claims note that the most common error among unrepresented claimants was accepting Carnival's initial offer without first obtaining and preserving medical records from the post-cruise period, records that would have supported a personal injury claim worth several times the baseline settlement.*

Carnival Triumph Class Action Lawsuit Structure

The carnival triumph class action lawsuit structure was more fragmented than typical consumer class actions because maritime law and Carnival's forum selection clause shaped how claims were grouped and resolved.

No single class was certified covering all 3,143 passengers with a universal settlement fund and a single payout formula. Instead, the litigation operated on a de facto class basis for economic claims while personal injury claims were handled individually or in smaller consolidated groups.

Some plaintiff firms sought class certification for passengers asserting common economic losses. Carnival's legal strategy resisted full class certification, preferring to negotiate individual and small-group settlements that prevented any single certified class from establishing a binding precedent.

Litigation Structure Summary:

Attorney Insight: *Attorneys who litigated against Carnival in the Triumph cases note that the company's resistance to a single certified class with a public fund was a calculated litigation decision that minimized both financial exposure and public disclosure requirements.*

Poop Cruise Personal Injury Claims: The Stronger Track

Poop cruise personal injury claims represented the higher-value legal track within the broader litigation. Passengers who developed documented physical illness or sustained injuries during the Triumph crisis had significantly greater potential recovery than those pursuing only economic losses.

The most common personal injury categories included gastrointestinal illness from exposure to raw sewage, respiratory conditions, skin infections, and fall injuries sustained on waste-contaminated deck surfaces. Psychological injury claims, including diagnosed PTSD and anxiety disorders, were also filed.

Causation was the central legal battleground. Carnival's defense attorneys challenged whether any documented illness was caused by the Triumph conditions specifically, as opposed to other exposure sources before or after the voyage.

Attorney Insight: *Attorneys handling Triumph personal injury claims stress that medical documentation obtained within 72 hours of disembarkation carried disproportionate evidentiary weight, because Carnival's defense consistently argued that post-voyage illnesses lacked direct causal linkage to onboard conditions.*

Personal Injury Claim Strengths:

• Medical records documenting illness onset during or immediately after the voyage
• Photographs or video taken aboard the Triumph documenting conditions
• Witness statements from other passengers or crew
• Any communications from Carnival acknowledging the sanitation failure
• Coast Guard reports documenting conditions aboard the vessel

Litigation Watch: *The eligibility criteria, claim track structure, and evidentiary standards for Triumph personal injury claims underscore why legal representation at the earliest stage produces dramatically different outcomes than direct Carnival settlements.*

Carnival Triumph Admiralty Law and Jurisdiction

Carnival triumph admiralty law and jurisdiction is the legal foundation that shaped every procedural element of this litigation, yet most coverage treats it as irrelevant background.

Federal admiralty jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. Section 1333 gives federal courts exclusive authority over maritime tort claims occurring on navigable waters. The Triumph fire and its consequences occurred in the Gulf of Mexico, international navigable waters, placing the case squarely within federal maritime jurisdiction.

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General maritime law, rather than Florida state tort law, governed the substantive claims. This matters because general maritime law has its own negligence standards, damages caps in certain contexts, and a distinct statute of limitations that differs from standard state personal injury law.

Maritime law applied a three-year statute of limitations to personal injury claims under 46 U.S.C. Section 30106. However, Carnival's passenger ticket contract attempted to reduce this period to one year for cruise passenger claims, a contractual limitation courts have frequently enforced.

Attorney Insight: *Maritime litigation attorneys note that the contractual one-year limitation period embedded in cruise ticket contracts is one of the most aggressively enforced defenses Carnival deploys in any passenger injury case, and missing that window typically forecloses all recovery regardless of how strong the underlying claim was.*

How Much Did Poop Cruise Passengers Receive?

How much poop cruise passengers actually received depended almost entirely on whether they accepted Carnival's direct offer, hired an attorney for economic loss claims, or pursued full personal injury litigation.

The baseline direct offer from Carnival covered a full fare refund, a $500 cash payment per passenger, and a future cruise credit equivalent to the cruise fare. For a passenger who paid $800 for the voyage, this translated to roughly $1,300 in combined value, not accounting for the future credit.

Passengers represented by maritime attorneys in the personal injury track recovered substantially more. The documented recovery range for personal injury claims with medical evidence ran between $5,000 and $25,000 per claimant, with outlier settlements above that range for passengers with severe documented illness or injury.

Attorney Insight: *Attorneys who negotiated Triumph personal injury settlements report that the presence of contemporaneous medical records, photographic documentation of conditions aboard, and a clear causal timeline were the three factors that most consistently moved settlement values upward.*

Recovery Comparison:

Carnival Triumph Lawsuit Court and Docket Details

Carnival triumph lawsuit court and docket details are the specifics that separate real legal coverage from generalized summaries. All passenger litigation against Carnival in connection with the Triumph disaster was channeled into the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida, Miami Division, consistent with the forum selection clause in Carnival's standard passenger ticket contract.

The Southern District of Florida is the permanent federal venue for Carnival litigation. Individual case numbers were assigned to separate plaintiff filings rather than a single MDL docket number, because the forum selection clause had already achieved geographic centralization without requiring a formal MDL order from the Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation.

Early civil complaints filed in February and March 2013 named Carnival Cruise Lines, Inc. as the primary defendant. Some filings also named Carnival Corporation, the parent company.

Attorney Insight: *Attorneys who have litigated against Carnival in the Southern District of Florida note that the court's familiarity with maritime passenger claims and its consistent application of Carnival's forum selection clause creates a predictable but plaintiff-challenging procedural environment.*

Litigation Watch: *The Southern District of Florida's consistent enforcement of Carnival's forum selection clause and its familiarity with maritime passenger claims created a litigation environment that favored experienced maritime counsel over general personal injury attorneys, a distinction that affected outcomes across the Triumph case portfolio.*

Poop Cruise Lawsuit Payout by Claim Category

Poop cruise lawsuit payout by claim category breaks down the settlement landscape in the way that is most useful for someone assessing what their specific situation was worth.

The two primary payout categories were economic loss and personal injury, with meaningfully different recovery profiles. A third category, crew member claims, operated under entirely separate legal standards and is addressed briefly below.

Economic loss claims covered fare costs, onboard purchases that went unfulfilled, documented travel expenses to and from Mobile, Alabama after the ship's diversion, and losses tied to the disruption of the itinerary itself.

Personal injury claims covered medical treatment costs, lost wages during recovery, pain and suffering, and documented psychological harm. These required affirmative evidence of harm and typically required attorney representation to negotiate meaningfully above baseline.

Breakdown by Category:

Attorney Insight: *Attorneys in Triumph personal injury matters consistently note that the most undervalued claim category was psychological injury, because many passengers dismissed emotional distress as less legally significant than physical illness, when in fact documented psychological harm supported substantial independent recovery.*

Poop Cruise Lawsuit Filing Deadline and Statute of Limitations

Poop cruise lawsuit filing deadline analysis is where 2026 legal options become a concrete question rather than an abstract one. The short answer: for new claims arising from the February 2013 Triumph disaster, the standard filing windows closed years ago.

Maritime law provides a general three-year statute of limitations for personal injury claims under 46 U.S.C. Section 30106. This would have run through February 2016 for Triumph claimants. However, Carnival's ticket contract imposed a contractual one-year limitation period, running the clock to February 2014 for most passenger claims.

Courts, including the Southern District of Florida, have consistently enforced Carnival's contractual limitation period as valid under admiralty law. Passengers who failed to file by the ticket's one-year deadline faced dismissal even where the underlying claim was strong.

Attorney Insight: *Maritime attorneys emphasize that the contractual one-year filing period in Carnival's ticket contract is not aspirational language; it is a procedural bar that federal courts apply on motion, and it has terminated otherwise meritorious claims from passengers who waited.*

Limitation Period Summary:

For 2026, the only viable legal scenario involves claims that were filed within the limitation period and remain in post-settlement dispute or enforcement posture.

Carnival Triumph Forum Selection Clause and Passenger Rights

The carnival triumph forum selection clause is more than a procedural footnote. It is one of the most consequential provisions in any cruise ticket agreement, and the Triumph litigation demonstrated its full practical effect.

Carnival's standard passenger ticket contract required that all disputes be brought exclusively in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida. Passengers who attempted to file in their home state courts saw their cases removed to or dismissed in favor of the Southern District.

The U.S. Supreme Court upheld the enforceability of exactly this type of forum selection clause in *Carnival Cruise Lines, Inc. v. Shute*, 499 U.S. 585 (1991). The Court held that a Florida forum selection clause in a cruise ticket is enforceable even against non-Florida residents who had no opportunity to negotiate the term.

Attorney Insight: *Maritime attorneys who litigate against major cruise lines note that the forum selection clause effectively eliminates home-state advantage for injured passengers, requiring them to litigate in Miami regardless of where they live, a logistical and financial barrier that benefits the cruise line in every case.*

Passenger Rights Under Maritime Law:

• Right to sue in the federal forum designated by the ticket contract
• Right to discovery of maintenance and inspection records
• Right to seek negligence damages under general maritime law
• Right to assert unseaworthiness claims where applicable
• No right to jury trial in cases brought exclusively in admiralty (though plaintiffs can sometimes elect jury trial via concurrent jurisdiction)

What Type of Attorney Handles Poop Cruise Claims?

The type of attorney best suited for poop cruise claims is a maritime personal injury attorney with specific experience litigating against major cruise lines in federal admiralty jurisdiction, not a general personal injury attorney.

Maritime law is a distinct federal specialty. The procedural rules, substantive negligence standards, damages frameworks, and limitation defenses differ materially from state tort law. An attorney unfamiliar with the forum selection clause enforcement pattern, the contractual limitation period, or the evidentiary standards specific to cruise passenger claims will face a steep disadvantage against Carnival's seasoned defense team.

For Triumph-related claims specifically, the most experienced plaintiff-side counsel were maritime litigation firms with established practices in the Southern District of Florida.

Attorney Insight: *Attorneys who specialize in maritime passenger claims note that one of the most common errors is retaining a general personal injury attorney who lacks admiralty experience, because the defense-favorable procedural terrain of cruise line litigation requires specific familiarity with how these cases are litigated in the Southern District.*

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Attorney Selection Criteria for Maritime Claims:

• Demonstrated practice in federal admiralty and maritime law
• Specific experience with cruise line passenger claims
• Familiarity with the Southern District of Florida's procedural landscape
• Track record of litigating against major cruise corporations
• Ability to act quickly given the one-year contractual filing deadline
• Contingency fee representation (standard in maritime personal injury)

Carnival Triumph Lawsuit Status in 2026

Carnival triumph lawsuit status in 2026 is defined by one central fact: the original litigation is closed to new claimants. The filing windows under both the contractual one-year limitation period and the general maritime three-year statute have long since expired.

What remains active in 2026 is a narrow set of scenarios: claims that were properly filed within the limitation period and have remained in protracted post-settlement dispute or enforcement proceedings, and any appeal or enforcement matters arising from individually negotiated settlement agreements entered years ago.

No new passenger claim arising from the February 2013 Triumph voyage is viable in 2026. Any attorney or service offering to file new Triumph claims against Carnival in 2026 is not representing the legal reality accurately.

2026 Status by Scenario:

Attorney Insight: *Maritime attorneys confirm that 2026 offers no new access to Triumph claims for passengers who never filed, but counsel experienced in maritime law can evaluate whether any procedural exceptions, tolling agreements, or post-settlement enforcement issues apply to specific situations.*

Litigation Watch: *The 2026 status of the Triumph litigation is a closed chapter for new claimants, but the legal precedents it generated, on forum selection enforcement, contractual limitation periods, and maritime passenger rights, continue to shape how cruise line litigation is conducted today.*

Poop Cruise Lawsuit Settlement Fund and Distribution

The poop cruise lawsuit settlement fund was never a single publicly disclosed aggregate figure. This distinguishes Triumph litigation from major pharmaceutical MDLs where settlement funds are established under court supervision with publicly filed amounts and distribution protocols.

Carnival structured its resolution strategy around individual and small-group settlements rather than a single certified class settlement. This approach avoided a public fund amount, minimized disclosure requirements, and prevented any single settlement agreement from establishing a high-dollar per-claimant benchmark applicable to all passengers.

For the subset of passengers who were part of any class treatment for economic claims, distribution was administered through a claims process managed by or on behalf of Carnival's legal team. Documentation requirements were straightforward for economic loss claims: proof of booking and presence aboard the vessel.

Attorney Insight: *Attorneys who monitored the Triumph resolution process note that Carnival's avoidance of a single publicly certified settlement fund was a deliberate and legally effective strategy for managing aggregate liability, and it succeeded in keeping total payout figures out of the public record.*

Settlement Distribution Notes:

• No single public settlement fund amount was filed with the court
• Individual settlements were bound by confidentiality agreements in many cases
• Economic loss claimants with documentation received refunds plus cash without attorney involvement
• Personal injury claimants required individual negotiation with Carnival's defense counsel
• Crew member claims were handled through entirely separate employment law and seafarer law channels
• Total estimated liability across all resolution tracks: $20 million to $40 million (industry analyst estimate; not a court-confirmed figure)

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the poop cruise lawsuit and what caused it?

The poop cruise lawsuit refers to civil actions filed against Carnival Cruise Lines after an engine room fire on February 10, 2013, disabled the Carnival Triumph in the Gulf of Mexico.

The fire knocked out sewage systems, leaving 3,143 passengers stranded for five days in conditions involving raw waste, food shortages, and extreme heat.

Lawsuits were filed in the Southern District of Florida under general maritime law, beginning in February 2013.

Who qualifies to file a claim in the Carnival poop cruise lawsuit?

Eligibility was limited to passengers aboard the Carnival Triumph during the February 7-11, 2013 voyage.

Claim strength scaled based on harm documented: economic loss claimants needed proof of booking; personal injury claimants needed medical or psychological documentation.

As of 2026, new claims are time-barred under both Carnival's contractual one-year limitation period and the general maritime three-year statute.

How much did poop cruise lawsuit claimants receive in payouts?

Claimants who accepted Carnival's direct offer received a full fare refund, a $500 cash payment, and a future cruise credit.

Passengers who retained attorneys and pursued personal injury claims recovered between $5,000 and $25,000 or more, depending on the severity and documentation of their injuries.

The total estimated liability across all resolution tracks ranged from $20 million to $40 million.

What court handled the Carnival Triumph poop cruise lawsuit?

All passenger claims were handled by the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida, Miami Division.

Carnival's standard ticket contract required this forum under a clause upheld by the U.S. Supreme Court in *Carnival Cruise Lines, Inc. v. Shute*, 499 U.S. 585 (1991).

Cases were assigned individual docket numbers rather than a single MDL designation.

Is there still a filing deadline for the poop cruise lawsuit in 2026?

No new claims from the February 2013 Triumph voyage are viable in 2026.

Carnival's ticket contract imposed a one-year filing deadline, expiring in February 2014, which courts in the Southern District of Florida consistently enforced.

Any passenger who did not file within that window is time-barred from pursuing a new claim.

What type of attorney should I contact for a poop cruise claim?

A maritime personal injury attorney with specific experience in federal admiralty jurisdiction and cruise line litigation is the appropriate specialist.

General personal injury attorneys without maritime law experience are at a significant disadvantage given the specialized procedural and substantive rules that govern these cases.

For any lingering post-settlement enforcement issue or an unresolved claim filed before the 2014 deadline, a maritime attorney with Southern District of Florida experience is the correct starting point.

Closing

The Carnival Triumph litigation resolved the vast majority of passenger claims through a dual-track structure that treated economic and personal injury claims very differently. Passengers who understood that distinction and retained maritime counsel recovered multiples of what Carnival's initial offer provided.

In 2026, the original Triumph case is closed to new filers. The statute of limitations, both contractual and statutory, foreclosed new claims years ago. The case's enduring relevance lies in what it established about cruise line forum selection clauses, contractual limitation periods, and the value gap between represented and unrepresented maritime claimants.

If a claim was properly filed before the 2014 deadline and remains in any unresolved status, a maritime attorney with Southern District of Florida experience is the correct resource. The same counsel is essential for any passenger navigating a current or future cruise injury case under the same legal framework Carnival has consistently deployed.

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